Fuel for Healing

Giving your body what it needs can keep you healthy, help you achieve or maintain your target weight, improve your physical and mental performance, and improve your mood. “Giving your body what it needs” can include resting from physical activity, staying hydrated, and eating nutritiously. Unfortunately, performing artists can have a difficult time integrating these healthy behaviors into their daily routine.

Rest and hydration guidelines have been presented previously, so this article focuses on the importance of nutrition on injury prevention and recovery.

Concussions in the Performing Arts

March is National Brain Injury Awareness Month

The most common brain injury suffered by athletes and performers is a concussion. A concussion is a traumatic injury to the brain, and it comes with a plethora of symptoms that can affect nearly all of the systems in the body. Even with prompt and proper care and recovery, suffering a concussion can result in permanent or life-threatening consequences.

When people think of activity-related concussions, they typically think of high-impact sports like football, hockey, or boxing, but performing artists are at risk of suffering concussions, too. Most commonly, activity-related concussions are caused by collisions, falls, or blunt trauma to the head (getting hit in the head or hitting the head on something). In the performing arts, concussions are almost always caused by accidents or mistakes while executing choreographed movements.

Your Guide to Pain Medicine

Pain is the most common reason people seek medical attention, so it’s no surprise that there are so many different medicines designed to reduce or eliminate pain. Pain signals are sent to the brain through the body’s nerves after pain receptors on the nerve endings have been activated by chemical, mechanical, or thermal damage to tissue cells. Medication and therapeutic treatments aimed at reducing pain work through a variety of mechanisms, including removing/limiting the irritants that contribute to pain, raising the threshold of the nerve endings to delay pain signal transmission (you have to be in more pain before your nerves decide that it’s important enough to tell your brain about it), or preventing or removing the swelling that increases mechanical pressure on nerve endings.

Pain medicine covers a wide range of types of medication, including counterirritants, local anesthetics, analgesics (narcotic and non-narcotic), anti-inflammatories (including steroid-based and non-steroid-based), and antipyretics. This article only addresses oral medication (pills) that is available over the counter (OTC) (as opposed to prescription medications), focusing primarily on analgesics and anti-inflammatories.

The Body's 5 Distinctive Reactions to an Acute Injury

When an injury happens, the body has a set reaction called the inflammatory response, which is the first step in the body’s healing process. Swelling is a key component to the inflammatory response, but there are four other characteristic signs of inflammation, too: redness, heat in the affected area, pain, and dysfunction.

Stress Fractures

A stress fracture is a bone injury that occurs at a spot in the bone that is exposed to high or repetitive forces. These forces either come from external sources (like impact with the ground when you walk, run, or jump) or from internal sources (like muscles/tendons pulling on the bone). Specific spots of bones may be more susceptible to stress fractures than others due to mechanics/form while performing specific tasks or due to cyclical weaknesses that occur naturally as a part of the bone’s remodeling process.

Resting from Activity

Many injuries need time off from physical activity to heal. However, this does not always mean completely stopping all activities and losing conditioning simply due to an injury.

Cross-Friction Massage

If you have ever been treated by an athletic trainer, physical therapist, or other manual therapy practitioner for a subacute musculotendinous injury (like chronic tendinitis…which is technically tendinosis…), you may have had cross-friction massage performed on your injury. But you may not know exactly what it is or why your therapy provider chose that particular treatment for you.

High Ankle Sprains

In the lower leg, the two bones, the tibia and fibula, meet twice: once near the knee and once just above the ankle joint. The distal tibiofibular joint (the one just above the ankle joint) has ligaments that connect the two bones in the front and back of the joint. These ligaments blend together with the connective tissue that runs between the two bones throughout the lower leg (called the syndesmosis or the syndesmotic ligament). Injuries to the distal tibiofibular ligaments are referred to as “high” ankle sprains due to their location in relationship to the rest of the ankle joint. Syndesmosis sprains often occur with high ankle sprains either at the same time that the high ankle sprain occurs or shortly afterward due to the syndesmosis having to absorb higher forces than usual after the tibiofibular ligaments are sprained.

Ice vs. Heat

Now that you know the effects of cold and heat on the human body, here is the answer to the ever-popular question, “Should I ice it or use heat?”

How Cold and Heat Affect the Body

You strain your hamstring doing a penche, so you put ice on it. Your muscles are achy when you’re lifting your sousaphone over your head after the first week of band camp, so you use a heating pack to soothe them. You know that ice and heat help, but how do they help?

Cold application (cryotherapy) and heat application (thermotherapy) are often used in athletic medicine at all levels, from weekend warriors to professional athletes. But why? Changes in temperature result in predictable physiological changes within the body. As you would expect, cold temperatures often result in different changes than warm temperatures do, but there are some changes, such as reduction in pain, that can be caused by either cold or heat application.

The Healing Process

The inflammatory response, which is responsible for causing swelling right after an injury happens, is the first of three phases (or stages) of the body’s healing process. The amount of swelling and duration of the inflammatory response depends on the severity of the injury and the type of body tissues that are damaged.

The three stages of healing are often discussed separately, but the healing process is more of a continuum than a step-by-step procedure, and the various stages overlap each other without any true beginning or ending points. Because of this, time after injury is usually used to identify the stage of healing that a given injury is in (assuming that the normal healing process is taking place). It’s important to understand that the healing process needs to be uninterrupted in order for the body to heal properly and completely.

Swelling

Swelling is one of the body’s common reactions to injury.

But what is swelling?

It’s a collection of excess fluid that leaks out of the body’s blood vessels into the spaces between cells. It tends to accumulate in internal cavities within the body, like the area just in front of the bone on the side of your ankle when you have an ankle sprain (for you anatomy nerds: it’s called your sinus tarsi and it’s located anterior to your lateral malleolus). Despite the bad rap that swelling often gets, it’s necessary. It can help to protect the injured body part from further injury, and it kick-starts the healing process.

Now, swelling can identified as either acute or chronic.